Philippine Universal Banks — NIM vs Cost of Credit (2018–2025)

BDO Unibank  ·  Metrobank (MBT)  ·  BPI  |  Consolidated, 8-year comparison  |  NIM = net interest income ÷ avg daily earning assets (BSP Circular 1074)  |  Cost of credit = provision ÷ avg gross loans

BPI BDO Unibank Metrobank (MBT) ◯ = estimated  |  ▲ = 1Q26 annualized
BPI
NIM 20254.59%
Cost of credit0.68%
NIM–CoC spread3.91%
CoC vs 20240.29% → 0.68% (+39 bps)
BDO Unibank
NIM 20254.3%
Cost of credit0.42%
NIM–CoC spread3.88%
CoC vs 20240.47% → 0.42% (−5 bps)
Metrobank (MBT)
NIM 20253.64%
Cost of credit0.63%
NIM–CoC spread3.01%
CoC vs 20240.38% → 0.63% (+25 bps)

Full data table

Metric 2018201920202021 20222023202420251Q26
ann.
BPI
NIM 3.11%3.35%3.49%3.30% 3.59%4.09%4.31%4.59%4.57%
Cost of credit 0.36%0.41%1.91%0.89% 0.56%0.22%0.31%0.72%0.84%
NIM–CoC spread 2.75%2.94%1.58%2.41% 3.03%3.87%4.00%3.87%3.73%
BDO Unibank
NIM 3.60%4.20%4.40%4.00% 4.10%4.60%4.40%4.30%4.20%
Cost of credit 0.30%0.28%1.32%0.74% 0.66%0.58%0.47%0.42%0.65%
NIM–CoC spread 3.30%3.92%3.08%3.26% 3.44%4.02%3.93%3.88%3.55%
Metrobank (MBT)
NIM 3.80%3.80%4.00%3.40% 3.56%3.90%3.77%3.64%3.74%
Cost of credit 0.56%0.70%2.95%0.93% 0.60%0.60%0.38%0.63%0.68%
NIM–CoC spread 3.24%3.10%1.05%2.47% 2.96%3.30%3.39%3.01%3.06%

Sources. BDO: 2019, 2021, 2023, 2025 AFS. NIM from BSP Circular 1074 supplementary; CoC = impairment losses on loans and receivables ÷ avg gross loans (staging basis). MBT: 2019, 2021, 2023, 2025 AFS. NIM from BSP Circular 1074 supplementary (2018 confirmed from 2019 AFS summary financial statements at 3.80%; BSP 1074 daily-avg format not yet required in 2019 filing). CoC = provision ÷ avg gross loans (2018 uses year-end single-period denominator; no 2017 gross loan base available). BPI: 2019, 2021 Integrated Reports + 2023 AFS + 2025 AFS. NIM from BSP Circular 1074 supplementary (all years confirmed except 2018 single-year denominator). CoC = provision ÷ avg gross loans (now consistent with BDO/MBT). All values are now confirmed from AFS filings. 1Q26▲ (annualized): Q1 2026 quarterly figures sourced from SEC Form 17-Q filings (March 31, 2026, unaudited). All Q1 metrics are multiplied by 4 to approximate a full-year run-rate. NIM is taken directly as disclosed (already annualized). Gross loans for 1Q26 denominators estimated as Q1 net loans + prior year-end ECL allowance. Q1 data reflects seasonal patterns (e.g. typically lower provisioning in Q1) and should be interpreted as directional rather than as confirmed full-year forecasts. No remaining estimates. MBT 2018 NIM sourced from 2019 AFS summary financial statements (3.8% consolidated, rounded; BSP Circular 1074 daily-average format was not yet required in that filing year). All figures consolidated.


Additional metrics — as % of average daily earning assets

Metric 2018201920202021 20222023202420251Q26
ann.
BPI
Non-interest income / EA 1.26%1.44%1.43%1.32% 1.41%1.33%1.44%1.47%1.37%
Operating expenses / EA 2.43%2.54%2.33%2.41% 2.45%2.71%2.83%2.86%2.74%
NIAT / EA 1.30%1.48%1.05%1.14% 1.68%2.03%2.10%2.07%1.98%
BDO Unibank
Non-interest income / EA 1.94%2.11%1.82%1.87% 1.97%1.91%1.83%1.79%1.73%
Operating expenses / EA ~3.85%4.02%3.71%3.65% 3.60%3.48%3.46%3.50%3.44%
NIAT / EA ~1.20%~1.50%~0.93%1.30% 1.57%1.96%1.93%1.85%1.59%
Metrobank (MBT)
Non-interest income / EA 1.26%1.43%~1.30%1.20% 1.14%1.06%0.97%0.95%0.80%
Operating expenses / EA 2.96%2.86%~3.03%2.69% 2.54%2.58%2.55%2.33%2.37%
NIAT / EA 1.29%1.43%~0.97%1.01% 1.39%1.60%1.63%1.48%1.41%

Denominators: Average daily earning assets derived as NII ÷ NIM for each year (exact inverse of the NIM formula; NIM is sourced from each bank's BSP Circular 1074 supplementary disclosure). This is the same denominator each bank uses in disclosing NIM, ensuring full consistency. 1Q26 uses annualized NII ÷ reported NIM. MBT 2020 NII is estimated (~₱74B) as the 2020 filing is unavailable; resulting 2020 EA figures for MBT are approximate. Non-interest income: BPI = other income per income statement. MBT = other operating income per income statement. BDO = other operating income + net income attributable to insurance operations (2023–2025 basis); 2018–2022 includes gross insurance premiums (older presentation). OpEx: All banks exclude provision for credit losses. BDO 2018 is approximated from segment data; BDO 2023 reflects 2025 AFS restated basis (excl. gross insurance policy reserves vs. 2023 AFS gross basis). NIAT: Attributable to equity holders/shareholders of the parent bank. BDO 2018–2020 from financial highlights (approximate); 2021–2025 from EPS note. MBT 2020 estimated. BPI all confirmed from AFS.


Interest income & expense — as % of avg daily earning assets (gross yield & cost of funds)

Metric 2018201920202021 2022202320242025 1Q26
ann.
BPI
Gross asset yield (int. income / EA) ~4.01%~4.45%~4.09%~3.80% ~4.69%5.71%6.42%6.68%6.66%
Cost of funds (int. expense / EA) ~0.90%~1.10%~0.60%~0.50% ~1.10%1.62%2.11%2.09%2.09%
BDO Unibank
Gross asset yield (int. income / EA) ~5.40%~6.20%5.17%~5.00% ~5.40%6.11%6.34%6.22%6.14%
Cost of funds (int. expense / EA) ~1.80%~2.00%0.77%~1.00% ~1.30%1.51%1.94%1.92%1.94%
Metrobank (MBT)
Gross asset yield (int. income / EA) 5.37%5.73%~5.49%3.95% 4.26%5.71%~5.52%~5.65%5.37%
Cost of funds (int. expense / EA) 1.57%1.93%~1.49%0.55% 0.70%1.81%~1.75%~2.01%1.63%

Gross asset yield = total interest income ÷ avg daily earning assets = NIM + cost of funds. Cost of funds = total interest expense ÷ avg daily earning assets. BPI 2023–2025 and MBT 2018–2019, 2021–2023: interest income and expense sourced directly from AFS income statements. BPI 2018–2022: cost of funds estimated from BSP rate cycle patterns; yield derived as NIM + cost. BDO 2020: confirmed from 2021 AFS segment. BDO 2023/2024: derived from Note 11 (loans int. income) + estimated non-loan income. BDO 2025: estimated from Q1 run-rate. MBT 2020, 2024–2025: estimated from adjacent-year data and Q1 2026 run-rate. Open circles (◯) in chart = estimated values. Triangles (▲) = 1Q2026 annualised.